Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner Free Essays

Abel Girma Mr. Fortunate English Language and Literature IB Y1 04 September 2012 Word Count: 1087 The Consciousness of Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose For Emily† â€Å"Then we saw that in the subsequent pad was the space of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and inclining forward, that swoon and undetectable residue dry and harsh in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-silver hair† read the last lines of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, a short story composed by the American writer and Nobel Prize laureate William Faulkner, distributed in 1931. We will compose a custom article test on Imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now These final words put a stunning and rather upsetting end to this piece portraying the unusual existence of Emily Grierson, and her obstinate refusal to adjust to changes throughout her life, living in her own non-changing world. Different images are utilized all through the content in spite of the fact that Faulkner didn't utilize any sort of cognizant imagery. The legitimacy of this case lies in his Nobel Prize in Literature acknowledgment discourse, his life story and his meeting on the significance of â€Å"A rose for Emily†. Emily Grierson is depicted as â€Å"A fallen monument† from the earliest starting point of the story as the storyteller begins to portray the stylized strategies following her demise. Before long, her home, a â€Å"house that had once been white, enhanced with vaults and towers and looked over overhangs in the vigorously lightsome style of the seventies. † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily) Is adjoining sabotaged as â€Å"an blemish among blemishes † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily), attacked by the falling apart and industrialized neighborhood that used to be a famously rumored neighborhood during the 1970s. This is a fine case of imagery utilized in the content as it gives a notion of the willfulness wherein Emily, a southern lady has carried on with her life severed to the past and submerged in old southern conventions. Correspondingly, the â€Å"Rose† in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a provocative image because of the way that it is never referenced all through the totality of the story. The understandings of the â€Å"Rose† are unbounded and easily proven wrong. It very well may be comprehended similar to a rose of compassion Faulkner might want to devote to Emily for she had carried on with a verifiably terrible existence of isolation and hopelessness. It can similarly be deciphered as a rose speaking to the adoration Emily urgently required in her life yet never genuinely discovered, seeing as a rose by and large represents love in many societies. In like manner, another stun arousing and incontestably urgent image in the story is limited to the keep going sentence, â€Å"the long strand of iron-silver hair†. These final words uncover the horrifying good wickedness where Emily carried on an incredible piece of her life, resting alongside the rotting cadaver of Homer, the principal likely genuine romance in Emily’s life that chose to leave her not long after they began getting to know each other. The strand of hair represents the regularly shocking way which individuals cross in the journey for affection. There is definitely not an away from relationship between's the majority of the images and what they represent for them to have been a use of cognizant imagery. Besides Faulkner himself has found out that he doesn’t depend on deliberately utilizing imagery to channel his methods of reasoning as a creator. Successfully, William Faulkner glaringly denies utilizing any cognizant imagery. He clarifies: â€Å"I was just attempting to expound on individuals [†¦] it was no expectation of the essayist to state, Now let’s see, I’m going to compose a piece in which I will utilize an imagery [†¦]† (remove from the meeting â€Å"A Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†). This citation further approves the contention that the imagery utilized by Faulkner was inadvertent. Beam Bradbury, one of the most eminent American scholars of the twentieth century clarifies his interpretation of this subject in a reaction to a letter from a multi year old understudy in 1963. The understudy needed to find out about the utilization of imagery in abstract works so Bradbury expressed that â€Å"I never deliberately place imagery in my composition. That would be a hesitant exercise and reluctance is vanquishing to any innovative demonstration. [†¦ ] The best imagery is consistently unsuspected and regular. Faulkner additionally portrays his fundamental enthusiasm as an essayist as being about â€Å"the human heart in struggle with itself† (Nobel Prize acknowledgment discourse). Subsequently, his sole reason as an essayist conflicts with the demonstration of utilizing cognizant imagery. In like manner, in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, he tells the stunnin g, yet convincing story of Miss Emily Grierson’s inner clash in the quest for bliss and love that drives her to unconventional †even sinister †acts. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† offers images with boundless translations and thusly demonstrates to an impressive degree that the utilization of those images weren’t cognizant. Also, It would be contumelious not to concur with the creator when he prevents the utilization from securing cognizant imagery. Imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is reliably present and assumes a significant job in the conceivable readers’ understandings of the story’s message. Be that as it may, the utilization of images in a scholarly work is inescapable and isn’t consistently a result of a cognizant demonstration. This implies the way that there is imagery in the content isn’t an inconsistency to the author’s starting objective which is composing a simple apparition story motivated by â€Å"a image of a strand of hair on the cushion in the deserted house. (Meeting on The Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†). Therefore, the oblivious imageries inside the story give it modernity and profundity because of its readers’ understandings, not because of the improper demonstration of forcing imagery upon them. The American creator Is aac Asimov includes the response to the contention of the utilization of imagery in his reaction to a similar letter about from the multi year old understudy: â€Å"Consciously? Sky, no! Unknowingly? How might one stay away from it? † Faulkner didn't utilize cognizant imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Various uses of imagery are available in this short apparition story and they do hold a non-unimportant situation in the general significance of the piece dependent on each readers’ comprehension of them. By and by, the scholarly virtuoso, William Faulkner didn't deliberately put these images as a way to pass on his message in an inert way. In lieu of doing as such, he straight-forwardly composed a basic phantom story containing inescapable images. In actuality, we may ask ourselves: how much is the cognizant utilization of imagery in writing so as to pass on message, productive and viable? Instructions to refer to Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, Essay models

English landscape garden free essay sample

Britain in the mid eighteenth century, and spread Engllscher Garten In Munich. The predominant style was amended in the mid nineteenth century to incorporate more gardenesque[20] highlights, incorporating greenery with graveled strolls, tree manors to fulfill herbal interest, and. ost remarkably, the arrival of blossoms, In skirts of clearing planted beds. English cultivating since the 1840s has been on a progressively limited scale, closer and increasingly partnered to the habitation. Continuously present is a lake or little lake with a dock orbrldge_ Overlooking the lake Is a round or hexagonal structure. regularly looking like a monopteros, a Roman sanctuary. Once in a while the recreation center likewise has a Chinese structure. Different components incorporate a cave and impersonation ruins. A second style of English nursery, which got famous during the twentieth century In France and northern Europe, is the late nineteenth century English bungalow garden. The house garden is a particular style of nursery that utilizes a casual structure, customary materials, thick plantings, and a blend of decorative and consumable plants. We will compose a custom exposition test on English scene garden or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page With its delicately moving greenery, its sporadic patches of water particularly the serpentine lakes Its normally planted clusters of trees and Its painterly perspectives on uildings pregnant with significance, the English scene garden was an enormous fare hit. Attributes of the English scene style of cultivating? Lines are bended and wandering of old style sanctuaries, destroys, and seats The nursery is opened up to the encompassing parkland, and the parkland turns into a piece of the nursery conspire. This is frequently accomplished by utilizing a ha-ha, or shrouded jettison Lawns come straight up to the house, frequently to the detriment of any standard bloom garden Plantings of various stature, shape, and shading trees and bushes were utilized to build a decent view and views The English scene development was propelled by the Dutch scene canvases of the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years. These compositions didn't catch reality however rather tried to speak to a perfect. In the eighteenth century, domain proprietors, not, at this point substance to simply balancing these goals on the divider, set going to make the ideal heaven throughout everyday life. To make an ideal situation, thoughts were gathered from numerous spots, for example, Greece, Holland and China, and from numerous controls, for example, craftsmanship, reasoning and science. These thoughts were then incorporated into the English nursery. Where there ere straight lines and geometry, the new English scene configuration would utilize serpentine bends and unpredictable shapes. Affected by originators, for example, William Kent and Capability Brown, there was a disassembling of formal gardens for characteristic nurseries. As much as these creators battled against the constrained control gave in formal nurseries, they additionally solid furnished nature into their own optimal. The English scene development applies a gigantic impact over current scene plan. One just needs to watch a planting show to see casual shapes and charitable, streaming bends. Numerous mortgage holders partner this style with the low-support, casual open air way of life they love, paying little heed to the genuine measure of stir engaged with keeping up a casual nursery. Qualities Use of sporadic shapes and streaming bends A progression of perspectives with central purposes of remnants and seats Open to the encompassing area that turns into a piece of the structure Lawns come up to the house frequently to the detriment outskirt gardens English Garden Characteristics The English nursery attributes permit it to stream into the scene in an irregular however controlled plan. Regardless of whether you have a few sections of land or a little space, you can ransform it into an interesting nursery with adjustments of its principle attributes. Understand more: http://www. ehow. com/list_7579695_english-garden-qualities. html#ixzz2eHvbNPXs 1. Shapes Soft bends and winding, rock thronw ways that have a provincial appeal and give a feeling of development is a fundamental trait of an English nursery. Geometric structures for bloom and herb beds, for example, squares and square shapes give clean territories in a casual setting. A typical component is a wooden seat situated along or toward the finish of a pathway, and for the most part before a little lake or wellspring. Sculptures and enormous lower pots typically line walkways as trimmings. Blossoms An English nurseries primary bloom is the rose, which frequently develops on a trellis, climbs and crossover roses, or any assortment of your decision. Different blossoms adorn the roses. English nursery master Gertrude Jekyll, creator of The Making of a Garden, expressed, The rehashed utilization of hollyhocks, dahlias and peonies and irises, each in a scope of hues, underscore a changing shading plan and bind together the nursery with their particular structures. Supported Links Cartoon Yourself for Free Create your own Cartoon Now! Get The App Join The Zwinky World ww. Zwinky. com/Supersecret Herbs and Vegetables The English nursery likewise serves a handy capacity of developing herbs and vegetables utilized in day by day cooking while at the same time boosting the nurseries hues and aromas. Thyme, rosemary, dill and basil are basic herbs developed in a different nursery bed. An assortment of vegetables, for example, carrots, lettuce, squash and cucumbers and tomatoes regularly develop close to the herbs in different beds. Topiary Romans presented topiary, the craft of molding supports, to England in the seventh century. It adds stature and style to an English nursery while separating it into segments. Concurring o Ursula Buchan, creator of The English Garden, Well manicured fences molded as cones, spirals or creature shapes stay a solid visual component in casual gardens, and express the proprietors imagination and comical inclination. English Landscape Gardens Lines were not, at this point straight, ways bend and meander, and parterres are supplanted by grass. Trees were planted in groups instead of in straight lines, and adjusted lakes supplanted the rectangular lakes of the previous style. The nursery got open, a recreation center joining the house to the outside world instead of a painstakingly sustained shelter from t. The scene garden made the English nation house a piece of the fields and farmlands encompassing it. Gone were hedgerows and wall. Gone, as well, were formal beds and strolls. Grass parkland was brought straight up to the entryways of the house. I would state that the fundamental component that characterizes the English Garden stile is haphazardness. Ways are not straight and don't merge, basically a similar route as they don't in a characteristic setting. The eye is intended to be charmed by the assorted variety of the greenery and by the manner in which it consolidates in discretionary harmonies. No straight lines and o geometric structures are constrained upon the common setting. Another component is the presence of water. For reasons unknown nature looks progressively emotional when water is presented in the image. It gives the watcher a progressively complete palette of sensations. There are three different qualities of the nursery at Close Memorial Park that are quintessentially English†the utilization of a sculpture on a plinth, a wandering way, and the holding divider fronting the nursery. Longley concedes that the sculpture subs for the more quintessential English sundial that he has so far been not able to acquire locally.

Employee Satisfaction Free Essays

Division OF MANAGEMENT EMBA, 2ND BATCH, 4TH SEMESTER ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, KUSHTIA BANGLADESH A RESEARCH PROPOSAL BY: |(Monirul islam) |(Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) |(Jahangir Alam) | |ID No. 1102050711 |ID No. We will compose a custom paper test on Worker Satisfaction or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now 1102050713 |ID No. 102050722 | |EMBA, second Batch |EMBA, second Batch |EMBA, second Batch | |4th Semester |4th Semester |4th Semester | |email:monirkb1977@gmail. com |email:abusalehgb1980@gmail. com |email:alamjahangir111@gmail. com | |Cell No. 1818306151 |Cell No. 01711210710 |Cell No. 01550151433 | (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, second Batch fourth Semester email:eeadesaiful@gmail. com Cell No. 01550151433 SUPERVISOR: Prof. Dr. Md. Zakaria Rahman Chairman, Department of Management, Islamic University, Kushtia †7003, Bangladesh. Cell Phone:01711501307 Telephone+88-071-62021-6 Extn. 2278,2296,2481 (Off. ) E-mail: zakariaiu@yahoo. com Web:www. iubd. net :Declaration:: We announce that the proposition we are submitting for evaluation contains no segment duplicated in entire or to a limited extent from some other source except if expressly distinguished in quotes and with nitty gritty, complete and exact referencing. |(Monirul islam) |(Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) |(Jahan gir Alam) | |ID No. 1102050711 |ID No. 1102050713 |ID No. 102050722 | |EMBA, second Batch |EMBA, second Batch |EMBA, second Batch | |4th Semester |4th Semester |4th Semester | |email:monirkb1977@gmail. com |email:abusalehgb1980@gmail. com |email:alamjahangir111@gmail. com | |Cell No. 01818306151 |Cell No. 01711210710 |Cell No. 1550151433 | (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, second Batch fourth Semester email:eeadesaiful@gmail. com Cell No. 01550151433 I ::Contents:: |1 |INRODUCTION |Page 1 | |1. 1 The Problem Statement |1 | |1. 2 reason for the examination |1 | |1. The targets of the examination |1 | |1. 4 Research questions |2 | |1. 5 Scope of the Research |2 | |2 |THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY |2 | |2. Research Design |2 | |2. 2 Data Source |2 | |2. 3 Data Collection Techniques |2 | |2. 4 Sample Techniques |3 | |2. Information Analysis and Interpretation |3 | |3 |WORK PLAN |3 | |4 |REFERENCES |3 | ii TITLE: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM INDUSTRY AT KUMARKHALI, KUSHTI A iii 1. Presentation: The Handloom business is the antiquated and the most significant cabin industry of Bangladesh. This industry has bunches of great past. Sometime in the distant past, The Handloom enterprises were the main wellspring of human attire. Still now, this area meets a bit of the absolute garments creation of Bangladesh. This division gives business numerous individuals still at this point. However, this industry presently faces danger of eradication due to different obstructions which made us to build up this investigation over the handloom business of Kumarkhali, Kushtia, Bangladesh. 1. The Problem Statement: What are the issues of Handloom Industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia and what could be the conceivable arrangement of the issues of such industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 2The motivation behind the Research: The principle reason for this exploration is to meet the fractional satisfaction of Master of Business Administration Degree on Management, Islamic University Kushtia, Bangladesh and examine the genuine issues of the handloom business at Kumarkhali, Kushtia so as to discover the conceivable arrangement of the issue contingent upon the variables that would be researched. This examination might be a significant instrument for additional investigation on the issues of the handloom business at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 3The destinations of the examination: ( To recognize the issues lie in the creation procedure. ( To recognize the issues in circulation of handloom items. ( To distinguish the issues related with level expertise. ( To recognize the issues related with government support. ( To recognize the issues related with the arranging Capability ( To distinguish the degree of interest of these items in advertise. To distinguish the quick contenders of this segment. ( To distinguish the potential market. Page:1 1. 4The research questions: ( What are the issues lie in the creation procedure? ( What are the issues in appropriation of handloom items? ( What are the issues related with level aptitude? ( What are the issues related with government support? ( What are the issues related with the arranging Capability? ( How much interest of these items in adve rtise? ( Who are the prompt contenders of this division? ( Where the potential market of handloom items? 1. Extent of the Research: This exploration will attempt to answer the difficult explanation as expressed. This exploration area will be Tebaria, Sherkandi Alongipara Gopalpur under Kumarkhali Upazilla, Kushtia, Bangladesh. We will attempt to make certain about the theme however much as could be expected. The capacity of physical nearness in the expressed areas will give the top to bottom extent of the examination. 2. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY: 2. 1Research structure: Quantitative research technique will be essential research plan. For this, on spot overview will be done. The handloom weavers will be the principle respondent of the examination. 2. Information sources: Both of the Primary information and optional information will be the information wellspring of the exploration. The individuals of the chose areas who are legitimately associated with handloom weaving will be the wel lspring of essential information. Assessment of the nearby government delegates will be considered as auxiliary information source. 2. 3Data assortment strategies: Various methods will be utilized to gather the information. For this oral meeting of the respondent will be taken. An endorsed poll (having organized and open inquiries) will be provided to the every respondent to address the particular inquiries. 2. Testing strategies: All the families engaged with handloom weaving in the chose areas will be populace of the exploration. Each will be treated as an example. Greatest potential families will be taken as test on irregular premise. Every component of each example will be met and recommended poll will be provided to them so as to respond to the inquiries. 2. 5Data investigation and translation: The assembled information through meeting and poll will be dissected and deciphered utilizing reasonable measurable devices, for example, tables, outline, rate, likelihood, relationship and so forth 3. WORK PLAN | |STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PLAN |DEADLINE FOR COMPLETION | |Submission of the proposition |By 31 August 2012 | |Design of an examination plan |By 10 September 2012 | |Design of survey |By 15 September 2012 | |Interviews/posting of polls, and so forth. By 16 †30 September 2012 | |Raw classifications/draft investigation of information |By 01-07 October 2012 | |Final Analysis of information |By 08-15 October 2012 | |Report up of discoveries By 16-20 October 2012 | |Final Report |By 21-31 October 2012 | |Presentation |As per Schedule date of University | ** Work plan might be changed relying upon circumstance or according to necessities of Supervisor. References: 1. Business Research Methods, eighth release, Zikmund Babin Carr Griffin 2. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Social-look into 3. http://www. banglapedia. organization/httpdocs/HT/K_0319. HTM 4. http://www. kumarkhali. com/list. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=41%3Aabout-kumarkhali-powro shova-catid=32%3AkumarkhaliItemid=52 5. http://www. thedailystar. net/way of life/2005/07/01/focus. htm â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ Page:2 Page:3 Instructions to refer to Employee Satisfaction, Papers

I Saw Louisiana in a Live-Oak Growing Essay -- essays papers

I Saw Louisiana in a Live-Oak Growing Walt Whitman is viewed as one of the most significant essayists throughout the entire existence of American Literature. The individuals of his own time considered him a radical, a psycho, and a pornographer. Nowadays he is significantly refreshing and entitled as an intrepid prophet of another phase of human turn of events. In some cases Whitman would be in a droop and he felt that he expected to redirect the individuals who asked too straightforwardly. This even implied utilizing instances of gay components in his work, just as fantastic accounts of him having illicit relationships with various ladies and fathering numerous kids, obscure to him. All through these sorts of times W. Whitman has experienced both hatred and sweet talk, by the by giving us his best work. I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing, is an incredible model. A more seasoned man goes over an oak tree in Louisiana. He starts to contrast his life and fellowship and this Live-Oak developing as an image of this. The word Live-Oak is a type of metonymy representing the old manã ­s kinship. He depicts this tree as it remains there alo...

Rich and Unhappy or Poor and Happy

* Choosing a profession that pays well, yet makes an individual despondent, and picking a vocation that  makes an individual  happy,but doesn't pay well. What is the reason forever? What is the one thing that genuinely matters so as to encounter an important, satisfying presence? A few people may state that affection and satisfaction are each of the one needs so as to carry on with a satisfying life, where no measure of materialistic riches will add up to a similar degree of happiness as an actual existence where one’s profession is something that one emphatically has faith in and has enthusiasm for.Others, in any case, may contend that the main way to a pleasant life is the point at which one can live extravagantly. To have the best, rarest, most costly things or attire is to have worth and significance in the public eye, which thusly, makes life worth living. So as to arrive at this stage, fundamental advances should be taken regardless of whether it causes despondency d oing so.Choosing a profession that guarantees a liberal check will ensure a real existence loaded up with materialistic products, however it doesn’t ensure the advantages of a lifelong that allures them, for example, the drive or want to work and the delight one feels that may influence their enthusiastic prosperity to improve things. However, Choosing a profession that flashes intrigue and energy ensures a sentiment of satisfaction yet may not ensure a considerable enough compensation to appreciate some of society’s extravagances, for example, the capacity to make a trip or not agonizing over putting food on the table which in any case may prompt pressure that is unsafe to one’s health.In an ideal world, everybody would have the option to pick a vocation that houses the two perspectives, yet tsk-tsk, that isn't the way the world works. Would it be a good idea for one to pick a profession that pays well, yet makes one miserable? Or then again should one pick a v ocation that satisfies one, however scarcely pays the lease. A real existence loaded up with the extravagances that our general public gives can be seen by numerous individuals to be a much-wanted approach to live. For them, the final product conquers the way to arrive, for example, an upsetting, unrewarding vocation who’s just recovering perspective is a considerable paycheck.The capacity to buy the materialistic objects of ones wants, for example, an extravagant vehicle, or a major house, is sufficient for certain individuals to place themselves through school in a program that doesn’t invigorate them inwardly, or mentally. In any case, with the extra cash, one would have the option to partake in exercises outside of work that is agreeable and animating, such as venturing out or going to different social occasions that are far off for those with lower incomes.However, while one might be getting a charge out of life outside of work, the unforgiving the truth is that o ne spends most of the week at ones occupation, so in actuality, an enormous segment of one’s life is spent in lack of concern and apathy if the work doesn’t conjure any kind of satisfaction. As this proceeds throughout the years, sadness is probably going to follow because of the steady fear and laziness that accompanies the activity, and the acknowledgment that it will resemble that all day every day for a considerable length of time to come.For the individuals who pick along these lines of life, satisfaction likens to the quantity of assets they picked up with their well deserved cash, paying little heed to the unremarkable work they needed to experience so as to accomplish it, except if obviously, they understand they made a tremendous error picking cash over their genuine dreams and goals when its as of now past the point of no return. Others have a totally extraordinary perspective on life as the ones who esteem cash in high regard.These individuals see the advant ages of a real existence loaded up with things that give them fulfillment, with the decision of profession being a colossal part of it. At the point when one chooses to spend the remainder of ones life accomplishing something that one is enthusiastic and amped up for, the compensation it accumulates wouldn’t be high on one’s rundown of concerns, particularly in the event that it implies that getting up each morning wouldn’t be such a feared every day occasion. The insignificant idea of going through one more day accomplishing something one appreciates is sufficient to keep one spurred all through the life span of their career.There are a couple of occasions be that as it may, that may cause certain delay. For instance, a youthful hopeful craftsman may be happy with a one-room that serves as their studio while having ramen noodles for breakfast, lunch and supper for the time being, yet consider the possibility that not far off they choose they need to settle down and have a family before they can make a benefit from their specialty, which may not never at any point occur in any case. The weight of this acknowledgment and the consistent concern of getting by could be hindering down the line.Soon, the delights that the activity brings could be dominated by the pressure delivered by this circumstance. Luckily, a great many people that decide to go down this way can get by and are content with living in the least complex terms as long as their lives spin around the profession of their enjoying. The choice of picking which vocation way to take is presumably one the most significant, tear-inciting choices an individual needs to make in the course of their life. It will direct the manner in which their life will go from that day forward nd the methods on which they should live by. Regardless of whether it is a vocation that will offer huge monetary profit, or a profession that will give critical individual addition, the choice lays on the genuine beliefs of the individual’s meaning of a cheerful life. Despite the fact that this choice is totally emotional, there is a detail that merits referencing; over 33% of a normal person’s life is spent working. Is having the option to by the most recent Prada extremely worth loathing an enormous piece of one’s presence?

Word of the Week Palimpsest Richmond Writing

Word of the Week Palimpsest Richmond Writing This one is so much easier to understand than to say! It refers to a text that has been erased and its writing surface reused. I first learned about palimpsests in Mr. Nobles course in Medieval History, at UVA, in the early 80s. He was a great lecturer, and he had us spellbound as he recounted the recovery of ancient texts, presumably lost, when modern researchers examined Medieval manuscripts under UV light. The OED Online provides a comprehensive entry, with the history of the word dating to the 17th Century. I will focus less on that than on how Literary Theorists tend to use the word, rather loosely and sometimes far too often. The palimpsest as recycled material makes great sense, given the enormous cost of vellum in the Middle Ages. The concurrent impetus to erase the pagan past, ironically, may have preserved fragments of it for us. Had monks more vellum, many more works from Antiquity would have presumably vanished. One entire text by Archimedes comes to us this way, but mostly we have bit and pieces of others. Modern usage includes the looser idea of anything partly erased by later action, with traces of the earlier meaning remaining. I have heard this in academic talks and read it in articles for years.   Heres a well crafted example from Leila Walkers 2012 article, The Child of the City and the Palimpsest at Sea: De Quincey’s Chronological Constraints: A palimpsest arranges its history simultaneously, although the text was recorded sequentially. Each successive layer was added at a particular moment in time, and yet, once added, each layer occupies the same material space as all other layers. This writer uses the word well in a symbolic sense. Its a powerful if often confusing metaphor in contemporary literary theory. I have never been comfortable with the word, since it has too many consonants in odd places. I am also uncomfortable with the idea, one hard to deny, of our entire civilization being a palimpsest. Traces of what came before remain, like the old Richmond trolley tracks, surrounded by granite cobbles and peeking through asphalt poured over an entire street. Ancient bigotries also darkly glimmer under the placid surface, while old sacrifices, some noble, some not so, linger just at the edge of vision. When future ages inscribe their texts upon the scraped-bare vellum of our civilization, I wonder what they will put there? 7/2/18 Update from Cynthia Price, our Director of Media Public Relations: Curious about today’s word. Specifically, in many villages in Africa the students turn newspapers and books sideways to write in the white spaces because they don’t have access to new books. Obviously, the words have not been erased. Would one still call the document a palimpsest since the writing surface is being reused? Im not sure, but its close. The children would probably erase the original text if they could, in order to have more writing space. I also am impressed by the perseverance of those who do not have the luxury to simply toss paper into bins, as we also do. Image courtesy of Wikipedia. This blog will continue all summer, so nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here.

Frivolous Claim Research Paper - 275 Words

Frivolous Claim (Research Paper Sample) Content: Frivolous ClaimStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ID:Course ID:Instructor:The term alludes to a claim spurred by a goal simply to pester, defer, or humiliate the restriction. To be discovered paltrily, the case must have no doubtful premise in law or actuality. Trivial acts can incorporate recording the claim, a movement for a court activity in a claim, an answer of a respondent to an objection, challenge, demonstrates or opposes anything, or an advance, which is with no substantial supporting contentions (US Legal). Given are three examples. 1 In 1992, Stella Liebeck purchased an espresso from a McDonald's drive through. Somehow, inescapably the espresso spilt in her lap. She sued McDonald's for carelessness. She asserted the espresso was so hot that it would have been impossible to manage. Extraordinarily the jury found that McDonald's was eighty percent in charge of the occurrence, and they granted Liebeck compensatory harms (Aue). 2 Christopher Roller su ed David Blaine and David Copperfield for they uncovering their mystery enchantment traps to him. He requested 10% of their aggregate salary forever. The purpose of the suit is that Roller accepts that the entertainers are resisting the laws of material science. Roller is suing because he supposes he is God (Aue). 3 A detainee in Virginia in 1995 wished to be expelled from jail and set in a mental organization. He chose to sue himself. He guaranteed that his wrongdoing was conferred while he was smashed, which was an infringement of his religious convictions. He asserted that he had disregarded his particular ordinary freedoms. He sued himself for $5 million, however, to aggravate matters; he argued that the state ought to pay as he was in a correctional facility and without a salary (Aue).A judge may grant approvals for such a claim. Such endorses may incorporate recom...

Bribery and Cheating at the Ancient Olympics

The Founding Fathers Motivation in writing a new...

The Founding Fathers were motivated by a variety of factors to write a new Constitution, including reaction towards the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, group attempts to establish a new national government and the desire to limit democracy. The Constitutional Convention was the result of a reaction against the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. The Constitutional Convention was held to deal with the problems under the Articles of Confederation as well as to seek a solution to these weaknesses. Problems spread throughout numerous areas, from problems in the Southwest to the inability to maintain law and order. In the Southwest, (south of the Ohio River and west of the Appalachian Mountains) American colonists were†¦show more content†¦In the Northwest, British forts and troops remained because they accused the Americans of violating the treaty of repaying debts to merchants and returning land to Loyalists. The Confederation recommended the states to repay and give back the land, for they cant force the states to obey. The Britishs real reason for staying in the Northwest was that they expected the Articles of Confederation to collapse; therefore, they would be ready to take over. Indian attacks were also blamed at the British. The British persuaded Indians to raid frontier settlements. Even though the recent evidence showed this was not true, it continued to be true since accusations are based on what people thought. The collapse of government was also a factor. The collapse of the Articles of Confederation was due to lack or interest and the lack of revenue. Ambitious politicians were more interested in the state than the Articles, since they didnt have any power. Also, the Treaty of Paris of 1783 that ended the Revolution took 6 months to be voted upon. The Confederation had no money and couldnt do anything about it. They try to solve this by requesting money from the states. The Articles asked for $10 million to pay off things such as debts but only received $1.5 million. The Articles also attempted to amend themselves by giving themselves the authority to tax, but the problem was that there has to be a unanimous agreement in all of theShow MoreRelated The Life and Political Career of James Madison Essay4338 Words   |  18 Pageswidely known as the father of the Constitution. It is a title â€Å"deeply deserved on many accounts† (Wills 37). Although his many achievements at times ar e overshadowed by his work on the Constitution, Madison’s life reflects a legislative talent (Wills 3). Through his interest in politics, he was able to shape the forming nation. Education, illness, and religion dominated the beginning of James Madison’s life; the experiences enabled Madison to write the Constitution as well as a number of influentialRead MoreThe Civil Liberties Of The United States1997 Words   |  8 Pageswas found has been forgotten. The United States government at its earliest establishment had set forth a set of freedoms for all people to feel safe from any persecution. In order to make these a set of established rights, the founding fathers created the U.S. Constitution that holds within itself the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was a call for greater constitutional protection for each citizens, or immigrants, individual civil liberties. During the twentieth century, The United States SupremeRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesFigure 4.6 : Figure 4.7 : Figure 4.8 : Entrepreneurship Pyramid Registration of new companies according to nature of economic activity Motivation to become an entrepreneur Highest motivation – Variations according to region Motivation – Variations according to gender Motivation – Variations according to age Motivation – Variations according to family background Motivation – Variations according to time periods Motivation – Variations according to level of work experience Positive factors Positive factorsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey

How Does The Brain Malfunctions Affect The Justice System

Throughout history, there have been many misjudgments, mistakes, and wrongful accusations toward people from various different factors. A great deal of controversy has been directed towards the criminal justice system in which scientists pose questions on whether or not the procedures are valid. It is imperative to understand how the brain malfunctions regarding to memory reconstruction, encoding failures, and other environmental factors that negatively impact the justice system. One of the procedures called lineups or photo arrays are used in order to have eyewitnesses identify a subject guilty of a crime. In the lineups, subjects are lined up while the accuser has to choose an individual that they believe committed the crime. Using the same idea with the photo arrays, the victim will choose from a set of pictures of subjects (Weir, 2016). Many scientists question the validity of eyewitnesses because of all these factors that impact memories. This has lead to a substantial am ount of wrongfully convicted individuals by the eyewitness which is a huge issue in the system (Weir, 2016). It is crucial to be knowledgeable of the factors that can impede memory. The person that actually committed the crime should be held responsible for their actions, not only for justice, but for the safety of others as well. There are many factors to consider when psychologists and scientists are trying to figure out reliability of eyewitness testimony. The ability to recall orShow MoreRelatedThe Rational Choice and Biological Trait Theories Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthe justice departments would actually look at the persons thought processes and reasoning before a crime is committed, the justice departments will be able to answer the reason for the crime. The different departments could possibly figure out why the criminal did what they did in the first. For instance, they should use a couple of criminology theories to help them with certain cases that are more diffi cult than the rest. The theories that the justice departments should use in their systems areRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of Genetically Modified Foods2292 Words   |  10 PagesCorporations continue to ignore the serious physiological effects of genetically modified foods, and pollution in water. In the 21st century, governments and corporations must be held accountable, which range from cancer, brain damage, clinical depression to criminal activities. Continued lack of political will and the prevalence of concern for profit over health is unethical. Majority of the working class in America working minimum wage and cannot afford health care to cure their illness. The lackRead MoreEssay on Problems of Drug Addictions3148 Words   |  13 Pageshave been a major issue for society for much of the 20th century. Drugs are something that effect everyone, regardless of race or financial standing. They not only affect the user but also how are society is shaped. There are literally hundr eds of drugs currently available. All seemingly have the same affect on the user and no matter how potent or illicit, they effect the body and mind negatively. Besides these negative effects, there is the financial aspect that has affected users through many generationsRead MoreMedical Center, Department Of Behavioral Health And Psychiatry Essay2226 Words   |  9 PagesAddiction Services, Geropsychiatry, Adolescent Residential Program, HIV Services, Developmental Disabilities, School Based Services and Justice-Involved Services. Section 2 A person-environment approach is utilized during the intake interview. A thorough inventory is taken which regards a new client’s psychological, social and biological state of being and how their relationships and environment is affecting them and vice versa. New patients are initially evaluated to determine if there is a crisisRead MoreThe Effects Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome On Infants3388 Words   |  14 Pages Professor Sandmire Bio 440 30 April 2015 The Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on Infants Abstract Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused when women during their pregnancy drink alcohol and cause developmental problems that can affect the fetus and infant for the rest of his or her life. Fetal alcohol syndrome can cause facial abnormalities, mental retardation, and a significant decrease in overall growth of the fetus.1 There are numerous studies about prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome, and itsRead MoreThe Future of Designer Babies Essay2383 Words   |  10 Pagesoffice where they are greeted by a fertility specialist, who then sets them in front of a computer. Here, the couple is able to scroll through various traits and characteristics, then mix and match them onto a computer generated infant so they can see how their chosen attributes will look when paired together. The man and woman decide on a baby boy with cornsilk blonde hair and emerald green eyes. Their future son will grow to 6 feet tall with an athletic build, have a genius IQ, and a predispositionRead More The Impact and History of Learning Disorders on Children Essay5477 Words   |  22 PagesThe Impact and History of Learning Disorders on Children In his 1954 majority opinion in Brown v. Board, Chief Justice Warren laid out concisely the fundamental role that education would play in postwar America: â€Å"Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performanceRead MoreCommercial Liens - a Potent Weapon Essay32374 Words   |  130 PagesAppendix A - Bibliography and Sources Appendix B - Index of Sample Legal Briefs [pic] Chapter 1 - Introduction Disclaimer This manual is intended purely as a communication of information in accordance with the right of free speech. It does not constitute either general or specific legal advice. Anyone seeking legal advice should consult a competent professional. Neither the author, editor or publisher guarantee that using this information will result in success or protect the readerRead MoreRobotic Surgery Essay example14445 Words   |  58 PagesImplications – page 44- 46 Conclusion – page 47 References – page 48 - 52 Abstract Technology has changed the way we see our world. There are always new discoveries in medicines and advancements in how we perform our day to day lives. Many hospitals today have upgraded their computer systems to keep up with this new technology. The way surgeries are being performed has changed as well. Having robots in our surgery rooms are becoming a thing of the past. The thought of a robotic device performingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespublishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please s ubmit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department

Developing Countries Essay - 1109 Words

Developing countries are closely linked to debt. This is because developing countries needs to allocate more funds to resolve debt crises. Debt can create a negative effect to the host country’s economy and the social condition of a country. This issue of indebtedness is usually solved using domestic capital. Since developing countries have low income, therefore they have low level of savings. The savings are insufficient to repay debt. Thus the government resolves the issue by imposing higher tax. But this will lead to inflationary tax, which is a burden to the further generation. Therefore, the government resorts to foreign borrowings. Domestic borrowings and foreign borrowings have further increased the total debt accumulated by the†¦show more content†¦Thus, the higher the degree of receptiveness enhances the nation capacity to attract foreign direct investment. The level of education attained can be represented by the human capital development of the nation meanwhile the economic integration is through the financial development and environmental condition of the nation. Education builds human capital and prepares them for the rapidly changing global economy. Education fitness improves the ability to process information, creation through research development that prepares a fertile ground. Hence, human capital can create a location advantage. Human capital also includes education and training. Training develops people by transferring information and knowledge to employees, equipping employees to translate information and knowledge into practice with a view to enhance organization effectiveness, productivity and the quality of managing people. This will direct the inflow of foreign direct investment to robust the economy. Market in a nation is also the economic and financial indicator in attracting foreign direct investment. Financial development has a strong positive effect on economic growth because well-developed financial systems could channel financial resources to the most productive use. Thus it will reduce the transaction and information costs in an economy. Market fitness should be exposed to competition with protective regulation. This is essential because it involvesShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On Developing Countries2029 Words   |  9 Pagesglobalization has had a negative impact on developing countries, specifically increasing poverty as well as negatively affecting employment, safety of women, gender inequality and wage-gaps. First we must define important terms such as globalization and developing countries. Globalization refers to the interaction among international countries in terms of business, politics, trade, industrialization and technology. It is the idea to break d own barriers between countries and encourage openness and transparencyRead MoreThe Proliferation of Technology in Developing Countries1319 Words   |  6 Pagesworld from large to medium and countries and governments were the main protagonists. The governments of countries would finance explorers like Christopher Columbus to discover new parts of the world to enhance trade and commerce. The governments financed the explorers through the exports of manufactured goods and by taxing nobles and their manors. Globalization 1.0 lasted from 1492 until the early 1800’s. This era was the beginning of a global arbitrage. Countries were the dynamic change agents duringRead MoreEssay on Military Leaders in Developing Countries1477 Words   |  6 PagesMilitary Leaders in Developing Countries The role of the military in any country is one of prestige. Unless having been through it personally, one could not imagine willingly subjecting oneself to the rigorous training received by so many young men and women today. The role played by the military is always to protect, defend, and assist its country in both war and peacetime, but in developing nations there are quite different roles as well. To be a leader in the armed forces, one must be strongRead MoreMicro Nutrient Deficiencies For Developing Countries1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfocused on with the human body and are often forgotten about. In developing countries it is harder for the people to learn why they do not get the micro nutrients they need due to a lack of education. Political problems also pose a threat for developing countries since creating funding for programs that promote micro nutrients are hard to come by. Economic and social issues also pose a threat as economics helping bring money into the country and w ith different classes of people, some may or may not getRead MoreSources Of Income For Individuals Developing Countries1498 Words   |  6 Pagessources of income for individuals in developing countries. Apart from earnings from regular jobs, they rely on transfer earnings from abroad. These earnings are regarded as windfalls and are not taxed. Indirectly, they enhance the purchasing power and improve the standard of living of recipients. Dominant among these sources is the migrant remittance. Migrants’ economic remittance is an important and growing source of foreign funds for several developing countries. At present, these inflows have moreRead MoreThe Factors Affecting The Economy Of Developing Countries Essay2323 Words   |  10 PagesRemittances are the money transfers made by people working in foreign countries to individuals in their home countries .These are currently rising at a high rate and almost competing with aid from other countries. Although they have not be en greatly considered as one major source income in Kenya, they have become a significant component of the county’s economic flow. Due to this rise in significance, diaspora remittances have become a great topic of interest in the recent times. This has particularlyRead MoreThe Impact of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) on Developing Countries992 Words   |  4 Pagesinstances, the decision to expand a firm’s operations in another country was a means of circumventing protectionist measures and trade barriers, or simply to curry favor with governments, as practiced by IBM (280). MNCs play a significant role in globalization due to the large amount of capital, technology and development they command across borders. Their influence is apparent when one considers that General Motors’ revenues exceed 148 countries’ respective GDPs (Stiglitz Ch. 7, location 3353). Such economicRead MoreWhat Is the Rational of Planning for Development in Developing Countries1444 Words   |  6 Pageswhat is the rationale for development planning in developing countries? by Vincent Siwawa on Thursday, April 5, 2012 at 6:48pm  · Among the various purposes oor reasons for developmemt planning in developing countries include, market failures, foriegn aid, resource mobilisationand allocation, attittudianl or psychological impact, the need to get direction, to measure progress, nation building through public participation, to avoid conflicts and prevent resource from being wastedRead MoreGlobalization Has Increased The Vulnerability Of Developing Countries1406 Words   |  6 Pagesculture, finance and technology. Globalisation and developing countries: (248) Through trade, investment and capital flows, globalisation exerts a profound influence on the whole world, especially the countries of the South. Globalisation can accelerate economic growth and boost international cooperation. It provides opportunities, at the same time, presents challenges and risks. Globalisation has increased the vulnerability of developing countries. As financial crisis has illustrated, the lack ofRead MoreImpacts Of E-Commerce On Developed And Developing Countries.1296 Words   |  6 Pages Impacts of E-commerce on developed and developing countries Chahat Singla NAIT Bachelor of Technology in technology management Applied Research Methods (RSCH3000) Contact: chahatsingla10@gmail.com Introduction E-Commerce is a method for working together exchanges by means of the web. It deals with establishing customer to buyer relations, business to business (B2B) purchasing and offering. It involves exchanging items or administration using computers. There are many advantages and disadvantages

Sure Things Free Essays

Gangyi Wu Mark Scamahorn Eng 110, March 15, 2012 Desperate to survival How can a big brother who loses his parents in a short period of time survive? How is it possible for him to take care of his little brother at the same time? In A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, the author Dave Eggers describes a long dialogue between him and his brother Toph. In fact, the dialogue is not happening in the real world; instead, it is a â€Å"me and I† dialogue. Dave talks about his long day in the beginning of this dialogue, while â€Å"Toph† extends the conversation to the discussion of Dave’s inner being. We will write a custom essay sample on Sure Things or any similar topic only for you Order Now Actually Dave is analyzing his behavior with respect to Toph. From the dialogue, we can tell Dave is desperate and is eager to have a normal life with Toph. Dave’s dialogue with â€Å"Toph’ shows Dave is aggressive. Dave is trying to escape the past and use moral authority to condemn other for the purpose of building himself up. Dave is trying to run away from the past guilt. The guilty feelings make Dave stay away from the past. â€Å"Toph† says, â€Å"You’re completely paralyzed with guilt about relating all this in the first place, especially the stuff earlier on. †(115). The past was horrible for Dave. He suffered a lot, he lost his parents, and more importantly, his family. He is afraid to remember his family, because he is afraid that those painful memories will haunt after him. The guilt, as â€Å"Toph† describes, constrains him. Dave feels guilty for his parents’ death. The â€Å"family† area in his brain is a forbidden zone. He preserves this area carefully in order to avoid the potential harm coming from the heartrending stories. Otherwise, these areas may drive him ballistic. As a result, Dave tries many ways to escape the guilt. At the very beginning of the conversation, Dave and â€Å"Toph† are talking about their long day. Dave argues that â€Å"this is a much pedestrian day than most†, because â€Å"this is just a caricature†¦ the skeleton†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (115) Toph says: â€Å"you’re†¦. doing little tricks, out of frustration. †(115). From this conversation, we can see that Dave is trying to make things look fake; he does not want things to get a hold of him, especially the guilty feelings. Instead of manipulating the old memories into â€Å"skeleton† and â€Å"caricature† he would rather treat them as his own real experience. He is numbing himself out. By discarding all the old things to jump out of the old memories, Dave also wants to have a brand new life with Toph. â€Å"Toph† says, â€Å"you can toss away all the old rules†¦ and for all your bluster you end up maintaining most of their customs. †(116). He is attempting to leave away from the rules in his old family; he wants to dominate his own rule and create a new home rule. He blusters and struggles. He is desperate! No matter how hard Dave tries, he fails, and all the failures gradually lead him to the edge of collapse. Dave becomes an aggressive man, because he is over sensitive about the potential harm may happen to Toph. â€Å"Toph† recounts a scene between Dave and a friend, Marny. Dave is irritated about Toph’s ignorance’s to call, after waiting for Toph to return home. Marny exhorts Dave not to be harsh but Dave wraths immediately, â€Å"you think you have a say in something like that, just because I am young. †(116) Apparently he is harsh to Toph and now he is mean to his best friend. Marny is showing him kindness whereas Dave attacks her simply because she doubts what he is doing. In this moment, Dave already becomes extremely sensitive. He regards himself as Toph’s mother, â€Å"you would never contradict some forty-year-old mother, would you? † (116) He is a forty-year-old â€Å"mother† who is old enough to have authority over Toph; Dave believes he has the competence to take care of Toph, and at the mean time he is doing a good parenting job. Therefore, no one can challenge his authority. Consequently Dave overly defends the leadership that he has over the new family. No one can judge an old â€Å"mother†. He is as bossy as an old â€Å"mother† holding the decision making power in his mind. Dave describes his attitude to those potential enemies from â€Å"Toph’s† words, â€Å"You’ll picture all manners of murders in my defense. Your visions will be vivid and horrifically violent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (117) Dave would like to punish his â€Å"enemies† in his own mind with weapons like a baseball bat. Dave values Toph the most in his heart, and anyone who dares to harm Toph should pay a high price. Dave will punish them as fierce as he can. Paragraph indicates that Dave lacks the sense of safety. Inside his imagination, outsiders always want to dig out his family’s scars and judge him and Toph. He desires to beat every enemy down before they appear, so that no one could harm them. He tries to condemn others by using his moral authority in order to gain confidence about life. Toph says, â€Å"You finally have the moral authority you’ve carved†¦And now your moral authority is doubled, tripled. And you use it any way you need to. † (118) The moral authority is the weapon Dave uses to intimidate others. For him it is a shield that protects him from being humiliated, since he is morally superior to others. This is exactly what Toph infers about his authority, â€Å"because it increases your leverage with other people. (119) As a result, Dave can judge others without getting criticism back. In the incomplete family, Dave and Toph are weak. However with the moral authority, he can rule over others; no one will have a judgment about his family, or Toph. He even judges his twenty-nine years old girl friend, â€Å"you’ll make this poor woman feel like a le per†¦ you want her to fell like a pariah, like a lower form of life†¦ what your feel anyone tethered to any addiction is. † (118) â€Å"Leper† and â€Å"pariah† are insulting words that a normal person would not use to criticize a smoking woman. By looking down on others and saying those insulting words, Dave is attempting to gain self-esteem. His behaviors make himself look like a superior. Although the people are living better than Dave, he refuses to accept reality. What Dave wants is to create a favorable family environment for Toph, to give him new home. In this family he is a father, a mother, a big brother and an orphan without parents. Dave is attempting pull himself out of the old and painful memories. On the other hand, he is shouldering the responsibilities of Toph. He talks to the imaginary Toph to cure himself with an â€Å"open heart surgery†. Toph is an illusion of real Toph in his heart. There two brothers are having a counseling session together indirectly. Dave loves Toph. He is playing his role as a protector. He wants to protect Toph from the people outside their house, to keep Toph from other people’s judgments. The only reason Dave becomes a desperate and pretended guardian is to become strong enough to stand up for Toph’s protection. Work Cited Eggers, Dave. A heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, New York. Vintage Books. 2000. 114-120. Print. How to cite Sure Things, Essay examples

Business Plan of a Coffee Shop-.com

Question: Present a Business Plan of a Coffee Shop. Answer: Introduction This report is a business plan of a coffee shop business. A business plan is a statement that describes the overall goals and objectives of a business and the manner the organization targets to attain those objectives. It is a formalized statement of the objectives of an organization and steps the organization will taking to attain those objectives (Abrams, 2013). These days, coffee shops are not only a trend but also a requirement. Meetings, conversations, a casual hang out with friends or a date with the beloved seems to be incomplete without a cup of coffee. Therefore, it can be said a coffee shop business can be lucrative business with good growth prospects in future. Moreover, on an analysis of the market it can be said the return in this business is quite high. About the Business The entities that are currently involved in this business are doing very well. The profitability graph of the entities engaged in this business seems to rise ever since these entities entered this industry. The average yearly revenue of a medium sized caf in Australia ranges between $50000 to $75000. Therefore, entering this venture is a good option. The proposed name of the coffee shop is Coffee Time. It will provide the customers with a variety of coffee options. Further, different varieties of snacks will also be available. Moreover, few indoor games will also be kept to attract the customers. Objectives of the Business The motive of the business is to make profits. In the first year of the business, the caf might not have enough profits to cover all its expenses or it might have to incur some losses. However, the sales forecast shown in the appendix indicates that the company aims to increase the sales by 1.5 or 2 times the following years. The owners aim to maintain an innovative approach in doing business. However, it shall be ensured the quality of the products shall not be compromised with, in the haste of earning profits. The owners have decided that business will be done with the objective maximizing profits along with proving at most satisfaction to its customers. Current Market Conditions The cafes currently in business are doing very well. The results of the research reveals that the current coffee shop chains had started their business from a small shop and with be passage time these coffee shop chains started growing and ever since then, these coffee shops have been reaping huge profits. Although, according to the research the market status indicates good prospects in this business still, new entrants in this business shall have to face tough competition in this industry. This brings the importance of inventing and exploring unique ways to attract more and more customers. The current condition of the market indicates towards the fact that there is plenty of scope in the market to absorb new entrants in the industry as the people of Australia are coffee lovers. The major coffee consumers are the students that range approximately within 40% to 50% of the total coffee drinkers. The office goers who drink coffee consist of 20% to 30% of the total coffee drinkers. The t eenage crowd can be said to be 10% of the total coffee drinkers. The other groups who drink coffee are homemakers, old and retired persons that make up the remaining 20% to 30% of the coffee drinkers crowd. This is a great opportunity for the company and the company should try its best to make the best use of this opportunity. SWOT Analysis of the Business A SWOT Analysis of the business shall enable the owners of the business understand the strength, weakness, opportunity or threat involved in a business. Therefore, a SWOT analysis of the coffee shop business conducted and the details are shard below: Strengths In a swot analysis strength refers to those factors that are within the organization and place the organization in a stronger position than the other organizations working in the same industry (Bridge, Hegarty, 2013). In case of Coffee Time caf, the main strength of the cafe shall be its location. The owners of the caf plan to rent a place close to a college area. This shall enable the caf to attract college students who constitute the major portion of the coffee consumers. Moreover, the cafe owners are willing to come up with varieties of new and innovative snack ideas. The gaming area of the caf is yet another bonus, which shall attract more, and customers and shall distinguish this caf from the other cafes of in the area. Weakness In a swot analysis, weakness refers to those factors that are present within the organization that place the organization in weaker position than the other organizations that are operating the same area of the business (Gallo, 2014). In case of Coffee Time caf, the main weakness is that it is the shortage of space. The owners of this caf have limited funds to finance the business and cannot afford to hire a bigger place as the rent and the deposit of a larger place is too high. Another weakness of this caf is that the caf will not be able to provide the facility of home delivery. Due to shortage of funds, the owners of the caf shall not be able to hire delivery staff and purchase vehicle for delivery purposes. This is a major weakness as most of the cafes in the area provide home deliveries. Another weakness of the caf is that the caf might not be able to order premium blends of coffee from overseas. However, these weaknesses can be overcome in the coming years as the caf starts grow ing and earning good profits. The owners can think of expanding and providing home delivery services once the caf gets established in the market and attains stability. Opportunities Opportunities refer to those external opportunities that are available to all the organizations working in the industry (Eremenko, 2012). In case of Coffee Time Caf, the main opportunity is that the caf is located in a college area and it can be expected that the college crowd would be visiting the place. Moreover, attractive discounts for the frequent customers shall also give an opportunity to make long term relations with its customers. The price of the items of this cafe have also been kept low in comparison to other cafes keeping in mind that the caf would be dealing with more of student crowd who have limited funds. Threats In Swot analysis, threat refers to those external factors that weaken the position of all the organist ions operating in the industry (Finch, 2013). In case of Coffee Time caf, the major threat the caf would be facing is the competition prevailing in the industry. The caf would be facing very strong competition from the cafes which are established in this industry and are operating since a very long time. Another factor that needs to be considered is that since the caf is located in a college area, there is a high probability that the business of the caf might get highly affected during the period when the caf remains closed. Moreover, another point that needs consideration is that the menu of the caf contains lesser number of items in comparison to the other cafes, which cause the customers to go elsewhere. Coffee Time Caf needs to prepare strategies to deal with such situations that might arise in future. Analysis of the Feasibility of the Business START UP COST Particulars Amount Legal fees to consultants 1000 Stationery 1500 Deposit for renting the space 3500 Remodeling Expenses 3500 Equipments 4500 Crockery 3500 Furniture 4200 Opening Inventory 8000 Other Expense 2500 Total Start up Expenses 32200 The table given above indicates the expected start up expanses of the caf. The owners of the caf can obtain a loan of $25000 to $50000. Hence, the expected startup expenses of the caf are within the loan amount that the owners of the caf can receive. However, the net present value of the project and the payback period of the venture needs to be analyzed before going ahead with the venture. Expected Income from Business Income from sale of Coffee $8,000.00 Snacks $10,000.00 $18,000.00 The owners of the caf plan to earn a gross profit of 20% on sales. Therefore, the cost of gods sold shall be as follows Coffee $5,600.00 Snacks $7,000.00 $12,600.00 Gross Profit $5,400.00 Expected Operating Expenses Rent $450.00 Insurance $300.00 Electricity $400.00 Staff Expenses $2,000.00 Telephone internet $350.00 $3,500.00 Net Cash flow $1,900.00 Expected Cash Inflow in the 5 years Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Inflow $18,000.00 $27,000.00 $40,500.00 $60,750.00 $91,125.00 Cost of goods sold $12,600.00 $18,900.00 $28,350.00 $42,525.00 $63,787.50 Operating Expenses $3,500.00 $3,675.00 $3,858.75 $4,051.69 $4,254.27 Net Cash flow $1,900.00 $4,425.00 $8,291.25 $14,173.31 $23,083.23 PV of Cash flows (10%) $1,727.27 $3,657.02 $6,229.34 $9,680.56 $14,332.87 PV of net cash flows in 5 years $35,627.07 Less: Start up Expenses $32,200.00 NPV of the project $3,427.07 Payback period Total profits in 5 years $51,872.79 Average profit per year $10,374.56 Start up Expenses $32,200.00 Payback period 3.10 It can be seen in the table given above that the cash flows inflows and outflows of Coffee Time Caf have been estimated for the first five years in order to calculate the net present value of the venture and the payback period of the venture. A conservative approach has been adopted in estimating the cash flows. However, it can be seen that the net present value of the venture is positive which indicates that the proposal should be implemented. Moreover, payback period of the venture indicates that Coffee Time caf will be able to recover its start up costs within 3 years. Timescale Diagram Given below is a time scale diagram which indicates the time required to commence a coffee shop business. No Activities/ time Jan Feb Mar 1 Weeks 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 Identification of the business to be set up 3 Research about the business 4 Market Analysis 5 SWOT Analysis 6 Obtaining the licenses 7 Finalising the place of business 8 Remodelling 9 Purchasing the furniture 10 Hiring the staff 11 Purchasing the opening inventory and commencing the business Recommendation It can be recommended from the above analysis that the owners of the caf should go ahead with the venture as the caf industry is a promising industry and entity entry this industry can earn huge profits. Moreover, the net present value of the business is also is positive and the payback period is also short. Therefore, the venture should be undertaken as it will pove to be quite profitable in the long run. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that a business plan considers all the aspects of a start up business which enables that a particular venture should be undertaken or not. On the market analysis, swot analysis and evaluating the venture by calculating the present value of the venture, it can be concluded that the owners of the caf should go ahead with the venture as it will reap huge returns in future Bibliography Abrams, R. (2013).Business Plan in a Day: Prepare a Polished Professional Business Plan in Just 24 Hours!. Planning Shop. Arnold, G. (2013).Corporate financial management. Pearson Higher Ed. Barrow, C., Barrow, P., Brown, R. (2012).The business plan workbook. Kogan Page Publishers. Bridge, S., Hegarty, C. (2013).Beyond the Business Plan: 10 Principles for New Venture Explorers. Springer. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Eremenko, N. (2012). The purposes and functions of the business plan at the present stage of economic development.New University. Series: Economics and Law, (4), 41-43. Finch, B. (2013).How to write a business plan(Vol. 35). Kogan Page Publishers. Gallo, A. (2014). A refresher on net present value.Harvard Business Review,19. Hair, J. F. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hiduke, G., Ryan, J. D. (2013).Small business: an entrepreneur's business plan. Cengage Learning. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013).Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Wade, A. (2012). Writing a business plan. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Infant observation Essay Example For Students

Infant observation Essay On Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman is a healthy, playfull boy, appeared to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15.5 months old, 32 tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. 1. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, automobiles in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense focus. Eventhough there wasnt any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the fact that the perception of an unfamiliar stimulus usually elicits physiological responses (Berger, p. 156). Later, this explanation of mine for his behavior was confirmed to be correct by his mother that he had never seen a doll before. Clearly, he was sensing the strange object and trying to perceive it. And exactly as the text said, eventually, habituation occurs, in which the stimulus becomes so familiar and uninteresting that these responses slow down. (Berger, p. 156), he got tired of the dolls and began to pay attention to other toys and people around. 2. According to table 5.2, the Age Norms for Motor Skills in Berger, p. 153, for his age of 15.5 months, 90% of all babies master the skill of walking. Beside being able to walk, just like the majority of infants at his age (from 1-2 years old), Ali is quite a toddler, for the characteristic way they move their bodies, toddling from side to side. (Berger, p. 151). Still toddling but Ali obviously belongs to the upper half of the population in mastering his gross motorskill since he is also able to walk backward, a skill that only 50% of infant could master at his age according to again table 5.2. 3. Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proving by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there was some unfamiliar things happened, he always looked for and ran to his mother as described in proximity-seeking behaviors (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him) (Berger, p. 226). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger, p. 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and table 7. 1, p. 230. 4. After playing for awhile, he came up to me with a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollowphrases, he still has no communication problem, afterall, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger, p. 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mothers commands such as up, down, kiss, bye by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6. 2 in Berger, p. 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word but bla..bla.. bla, however, the way I see it, that was not babbling, he was probably pretending to read but he could not find any word that matched with the content of the book so he ended up with that one-size-fits-all babble. 5. At the age of 15. .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 , .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .postImageUrl , .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 , .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208:hover , .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208:visited , .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208:active { border:0!important; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208:active , .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208 .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2894c41cce1c3b6e2dc8f8a003ac208:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Essay5 months, Ali is falling into Piagets stage five, the stage for experimentation and exploration (Berger, pp. 192-193). Piaget referred to the stage-five toddler as the little scientist who experiments in order to see. (Berger, p. 193). Ali is a very active, playful and curious boy. Just look at the way he studied the dolls at the beginning and how he played and discovered how to roll some round thing (I dont know what .

How to Write a Sample Identity Essay?

How to Write a Sample Identity Essay?If you're a college student, a professional person looking for a job, your job application, job interview and resume are all given an enormous amount of importance. You have to prove to the hiring manager that you are the best and that your work will provide value for the company you are employed by. That's why it is essential to find a quality sample essay that can really give you an insight on what you have to write in your resume.For starters, when you're looking for a sample essay, you have to know that there are several different styles of them. But because they all show you some writing skills, you must try to choose the one that fits best with your personality. After all, you'll be sending your resume to the interviewers, employers, other people, and the media.Though there are many different types of essays out there, there is one that is considered as the most popular one and that is the job interview essay. It's a formal written work, to ask questions of the interviewers. It's also used to answer any questions that the interviewer may ask. Although, this kind of sample essay is pretty short, it still gives you the chance to show off your skills in various writing skills.Once you've made up your mind on the type of sample essay you would like to use, you can now go to the internet and search for them. Remember, there are several websites that provide you with these essays and even free samples. However, the purpose is not to give you a 'short' resume, but to show you the basic rules and tips on how to do it right. The more thorough and comprehensive the resume that you have written, the better it is.One of the things you must learn about writing an essay is good composition skills. This means you should be able to answer the question in a straightforward manner. You must be able to utilize short sentences and paragraphs to showcase your knowledge and experience. It's not necessary to actually be too formal about it.A lot of students and professionals tend to make use of big words because they think that is the best way to express themselves. It's not. In fact, if you use too many long words, it will give a very unprofessional look to your resume. In short, there are no rules regarding grammar and usage, but remember to use the information you present in a clear and professional manner.By following these few simple steps, you can put your own sample identity essay together. It is essential that you do so because it will save you from spending too much time.

Definition and Examples of Absolute Phrases in English

Definition and Examples of Absolute Phrases in English An absolute phrase is a group of words that modifies an independent clause as a whole. Its etymology is from the Latin, free, loosen, unrestricted. An absolute is made up of a noun and its modifiers (which frequently, but not always, include a participle or participial phrase). An absolute may precede, follow, or interrupt the main clause: Their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, the storks circled high above us.The storks circled high above us, their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky.The storks, their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, circled high above us. An absolute allows us to move from a description of a whole person, place, or thing to one aspect or part. Note that in traditional grammar, absolutes (or nominative absolutes) are often more narrowly defined as noun phrases...combined with participles. The term absolute (borrowed from Latin grammar) is rarely used by contemporary linguists. Examples and Observations The absolute phrase that adds a focusing detail is especially common in fiction writing, much more common than in expository writing... In the following passages, all from works of fiction, some have a participle as the post-noun modifier...; however, youll also see some with noun phrases, others with prepositional phrases. There was no bus in sight and Julian, his hands still jammed in his pockets and his head thrust forward, scowled down the empty street. (Flannery OConnor, Everything That Rises Must Converge)Silently they ambled down Tenth Street until they reached a stone bench that jutted from the sidewalk near the curb. They stopped there and sat down, their backs to the eyes of the two men in white smocks who were watching them. (Toni Morrison, Song of Solomon)The man stood laughing, his weapons at his hips. (Stephen Crane, The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky)To his right the valley continued in its sleepy beauty, mute and understated, its wildest autumn colors blunted by the distance, placid as water color by an artist who mixed all his colors with brown. (Joyce Carol Oates, The Secret Marriage) A second style of absolute phrase, rather than focusing on a detail, explains a cause or condition: Our car having developed engine trouble, we stopped for the night at a roadside rest area. We decided to have our picnic, the weather being warm and clear. The first example could be rewritten as a because- or when- clause: When our car developed engine trouble, we stopped... or Because our car developed engine trouble, we stopped... The absolute allows the writer to include the information without the explicitness of the complete clause; the absolute, then, can be thought of as containing both meanings, both when and because. The absolute about the weather in the second example suggests an attendant condition rather than a cause. (Martha Kolln, Rhetorical Grammar: Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects, 5th ed. Pearson, 2007) Nominative Absolutes Nominative absolutes are related to nonfinite verb phrases... They consist of a subject noun phrase followed by some part of the predicate: either a participle form of the main verb or a complement or modifier of the main verb. . . . [C]omplements and modifiers may take almost any form...Absolutes have traditionally been called nominative because the absolute construction begins with a noun phrase as its headword. Nevertheless, they function adverbially as sentence modifiers. Some [absolutes] explain reasons or conditions for the action described in the main clause; others... describe the manner in which the action of the main clause is performed. (Thomas P. Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz, and Angela Della Volpe, Analyzing English Grammar, 5th ed. Longman, 2007) More Examples of Absolute Phrases Roy circles the bases like a Mississippi steamboat, lights lit, flags fluttering, whistle banging, coming round the bend. (Bernard Malamud, The Natural, 1952)Harry froze, his cut finger slipping on the jagged edge of the mirror again. (J.K. Rowling,  Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Scholastic, 2007)Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor now, trying to think, his great brow furrowed, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red. (James Thurber, University Days)The spider skins lie on their sides, translucent and ragged, their legs drying in knots. (Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm, 1977)His bare legs cooled by sprinklers, his bare feet on the feathery and succulent grass, and his mobile phone in his hand (he was awaiting Lionels summons), Des took a turn round the grounds. (Martin Amis, Lionel Asbo: State of England. Alfred A. Knopf, 2012)When Johnson Meechum came up the three steps of his purple double-wide trailer and opened the front door, his wife, Mabel, was waiting for him, her thin hands clenched on her hips, her tinted hair standing from her scalp in a tiny blue cloud. (Harry Crews, Celebration. Simon Schuster, 1998) Six boys came over the hill half an hour early that afternoon, running hard, their heads down, their forearms working, their breath whistling. (John Steinbeck, The Red Pony)Whenever you heard distant music somewhere in the town, maybe so faint you thought you imagined it, so thin you blamed the whistling of the streetcar wires, then you could track the sound down and find Caleb straddling his little velocipede, speechless with joy, his appleseed eyes dancing. (Anne Tyler, Searching for Caleb. Alfred A. Knopf, 1975)Still he came on,  shoulders hunched, face twisted, wringing his hands, looking more like an old woman at a wake than an infantry combat soldier. (James Jones,  The Thin Red Line, 1962)A tall man, his shotgun slung behind his back with a length of plow line, dismounted and dropped his reins and crossed the little way to the cedar bolt. (Howard Bahr, The Year of Jubilo: A Novel of the Civil War. Picador, 2001)The men sit on the edge of the pens, the big white and silver fish between their knees, ripping with knives and tearing with hands, heaving the disemboweled bodies into a central basket. (William G. Wing, Christmas Comes First on the Banks) Hundreds and hundreds of frogs were sitting down that pipe, and they were all honking, all of them, not in unison but constantly, their little throats going, their mouths open, their eyes staring up with curiosity at Karel and Frances and their large human shadows. (Margaret Drabble, The Realms of Gold, 1975)The accused man, Kabuo Miyamoto, sat proudly upright with a rigid grace, his palms placed softly on the defendants table - the posture of a man who has detached himself insofar as this is possible at his own trial. (David Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars, 1994)The superintendent, his head on his chest, was slowly poking the ground with his stick. (George Orwell, A Hanging, 1931)You can get a fair sense of the perils of an elevator shaft by watching an elevator rush up and down one, its counterweight flying by, like the blade on a guillotine. (Nick Paumgarten, Up and Then Down. The New Yorker, April 21, 2008)Two middle-aged men with jogging disease lumber past me, their faces pur ple, their bellies slopping, their running shoes huge and costly. (Joe Bennett, Mustnt Grumble. Simon Schuster, 2006) At a right angle to the school was the back of the church, its bricks painted the color of dried blood. (Pete Hamill, A Drinking Life, 1994)Ross sat on the edge of a chair several feet away from the table, leaning forward, the fingers of his left hand spread upon his chest, his right hand holding a white knitting needle which he used for a pointer. (James Thurber, The Years With Ross, 1958)One by one, down the hill come the mothers of the neighborhood, their kids running beside them. (Roger Rosenblatt, Making Toast. The New Yorker, December 15, 2008)I could see, even in the mist, Spurn Head stretching out ahead of me in the gloom, its spine covered in marram grass and furze, its shingle flanks speared with the rotting spars of failed breakwaters. (Will Self, A Real Cliff Hanger. The Independent, August. 30, 2008)Down the long concourse they came unsteadily, Enid favouring her damaged hip, Alfred paddling at the air with loose-hinged hands and slapping the airport carpeting with poorl y controlled feet, both of them carrying Nordic Pleasurelines shoulder bags and concentrating on the floor in front of them, measuring out the hazardous distance three paces at a time. (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections. Farrar Straus Giroux, 2001) Source Macmillan Teach Yourself Grammar and Style in Twenty Four Hours, 2000.

How to Keep a Halloween Jack-o-Lantern from Rotting

How to Keep a Halloween Jack-o'-Lantern from Rotting Here is a fun, seasonal science fair project that examines various ways of keeping a carved pumpkin fresh. Can you determine the best way to keep a Halloween jack o lantern from rotting? Purpose The purpose of this project is to see whether or not treating a Halloween jack-o- lantern, or any carved pumpkin, will help keep it from rotting. Hypothesis The hypothesis (because its the easiest to disprove) is that treating a Halloween jack-o-lantern will not keep it from rotting any better than doing nothing at all (the control). Experiment Summary This is a great fall science fair project  since pumpkins are readily available from late summer through winter. You could conduct a similar project during the spring using another variety of produce. Since nothing lasts forever, a good timeframe for collecting data is 2 weeks. If all of your pumpkins rot before then, you may choose to end the data collection phase of this project sooner. Since temperature plays a part in the shelf life of a jack-o-lantern, its possible your pumpkins may last several weeks if kept in cool conditions. If this is the case, your project may run for a month. Keep the time and temperature in mind when planning your science project. Materials The main materials for this project are freshly carved jack-o-lanterns and various pumpkin preservatives. The most commonly applied preservatives are bleach solution, borax solution, petroleum jelly, hairspray, white glue, and commercial pumpkin preservative (if available). You can test any or all of these, plus more  if you can think of other preservatives. You will need pumpkins for every method you test, plus a control pumpkin, which will be carved, but untreated. Experimental Procedure Carve your jack-o-lanterns. It helps if you give them different faces so they are easy to tell apart. Try to scrape as much pumpkin goo as possible from the inside of the jack-o-lanterns so they will be easier to treat with chemicals.Leave your control pumpkin alone. Apply the treatments to the other pumpkins. Either photograph the pumpkins or write down your observations about the appearance of each jack-o-lantern. Pumpkin Treatments Bleach Solution - Mix up enough bleach in water (2 teaspoons bleach per gallon of water) to fill a bucket or tub big enough to submerge your pumpkin. Immediately after carving the pumpkin, soak it in the bleach solution for 8 hours or overnight. Drain the pumpkin and allow it to dry. Each day, spritz the outside and inside of the pumpkin with bleach solution.Borax Solution - Mix up a solution of borax in water (probably 1 teaspoon per gallon) and apply it the same way as you would use the bleach solution.Petroleum Jelly - Smear petroleum jelly (e.g., Vaseline) all over the cut surface of the pumpkin. Reapply once a day if necessary.White Glue - Smear non-toxic white school glue all over the carved pumpkin and allow it to dry.Hairspray - Spray the carved pumpkin, inside and outside, with hairspray. You can reapply the hairspray daily, or not, as you prefer.Commercial Pumpkin Preservative - Follow the instructions on the container.    You can use these methods of applying pumpkin treatments or else you can come up with your own ideas.Each day, take a photo of the pumpkin and describe its appearance. Is mold present or absent? Is there any shriveling? Is the pumpkin getting soft or smelly or showing any other indications of rotting?Continue collecting data until the pumpkins have rotted. Discard the rotten pumpkins. Data The data for this project will be your photographs and observations regarding the appearance of each pumpkin. Results Make a table that shows time in days and whether each pumpkin showed mold, shriveling, or rot. You can indicate the degree of each condition by assigning a numerical value to it, if you like (e.g., 0 no mold, 1 slight mold, 2 moderate mold, 3 totally moldy). Conclusions Was the hypothesis supported? Did the control pumpkin rot at the same time as all of the other pumpkins? Things to Think About If you want a more complex experiment, add temperature as a factor. This will require additional pumpkins. Leave one of each type of pumpkin at room temperature. Refrigerate one of each type of pumpkin or (since that would take a lot of space) leave one of each type of pumpkin in a hot environment.